China has expressed strong opposition to the United States' "unfair" new legislation on chip subsidies, saying that using political power to intervene in a sector that is highly globalized and based on market dynamics will eventually harm the interests of companies globally, including in the U.S.
The comments came after U.S. President Joe Biden signed on Tuesday the Chips and Science Act to offer $52.7 billion in subsidies and extra tax credits for U.S. semiconductor production and research.
The legislation prohibits companies from expanding their advanced semiconductor manufacturing in China for 10 years after they receive a subsidy to build a U.S. plant.
Foreign Ministry spokesman Wang Wenbin said at a news conference on Wednesday that the legislation is an example of economic coercion by the U.S., and decoupling will harm both itself and others. Restrictions and suppression will not stop the pace of China's technological and industrial development, he said.
In a joint statement on Wednesday, the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and the China Chamber of International Commerce, two influential foreign trade associations, said that the legislation is a typical industry-specific subsidy that does not conform to the nondiscrimination principles of the World Trade Organization.
The bill identifies particular countries as key targets, which would lead companies to be forced to adjust their global development strategies and layouts, they said. In particular, the bill gives a wide definition to "any country of concern", which would infinitely expand the discretionary power of its law enforcement, they added.
Following the passage of the bill, South Korean chip giant SK hynix dropped nearly 3.5 percent on Wednesday on the Korea Exchange, while tech heavyweight Samsung Electronics Co Ltd fell 1.5 percent.
"The new semiconductor legislation is a high point in arbitrary U.S. moves to set barriers to other countries like China, which can be seen from a series of previous moves like restricting China's access to advanced chip manufacturing and design technologies," said Feng Weijiang, secretary-general of the National Institute for Global Strategy at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
He said that the U.S. is recovering its relatively unadvanced chip manufacturing industry at the expense of the efficiency and profits of multinational companies in the semiconductor field, adding that this move will also hamper innovation and development in the global semiconductor industry.
"Chip companies that are forced to choose sides will lose the Chinese market as the legislation requires them not to boost production of advanced chips in China if they are subsidized. But, in fact, no company would like to abandon China's huge semiconductor market," he added.
Hao Min, a professor of technology security at the University of International Relations in Beijing, said that the U.S. intention to boost its own growth by blocking other countries' technological development will not work in the long run and will hurt the U.S. in the end.
According to the latest U.S. Congressional Budget Office estimates, the new semiconductor legislation will increase the U.S. budget deficit by $48 billion over the next five years and by $79 billion through 2031.
While Boston Consulting Group expected it would cost $350 billion to $420 billion to create a self-sufficient semiconductor supply chain in the U.S., an executive from a Chinese chip designing and manufacturing firm who wished to remain anonymous, said that "the $52.7 billion subsidy is really a drop of water in the bucket, not to mention that it will be divided up by a number of chip companies."
