Hong Kong: Safeguarding China's National Security Under the Framework of One Country,
Two Systems

White Paper

Hong Kong: Safeguarding China's National Security Under the Framework of One Country, Two Systems

(February 2026)

The State Council Information Office of
the People's Republic of China

Hong Kong: Safeguarding China's National Security Under the Framework of One Country, Two Systems

Contents

I. An Unrelenting Fight for Safeguarding National Security in Hong Kong

II. The Central Government's Fundamental Responsibility for National Security Matters Concerning Hong Kong

III. The HKSAR's Achievements in Fulfilling Its Constitutional Responsibility for Safeguarding National Security

IV. Hong Kong: From Disorder to Stability and Prosperity

V. Creating High-Standard Security for High-Quality Development of the One Country, Two Systems Policy

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The Chinese government is publishing this white paper to review Hong Kong's endeavors in safeguarding national security and the experience and insights gained in the process, and also to clear up confusion and misunderstandings surrounding the issue to build consensus, and to ensure the high-quality development of the policy of One Country, Two Systems with high-standard security.

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I. An Unrelenting Fight for Safeguarding National Security in Hong Kong

After the Opium War of 1840, Hong Kong was forcibly separated from the motherland. From that point forward, the Chinese people, including their compatriots in Hong Kong, never ceased their fight for the country to resume the exercise of sovereignty over the region.

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II. The Central Government's Fundamental Responsibility for National Security Matters Concerning Hong Kong

In response to the 2019 turmoil in Hong Kong, the central government carefully assessed the situation and introduced a series of decisive measures, including reinforcing the legal framework and enforcement mechanisms for safeguarding national security in the HKSAR, improving the region's electoral system and governance, and implementing the principle of patriots administering Hong Kong.

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III. The HKSAR's Achievements in Fulfilling Its Constitutional Responsibility for Safeguarding National Security

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is an inseparable part of the People's Republic of China. As a local administrative region directly under the central people's government, the HKSAR shall fulfill its constitutional responsibility for safeguarding national security.

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IV. Hong Kong: From Disorder to Stability and Prosperity

Through the concerted efforts of the central government and the HKSAR, a historic transformation has been realized in safeguarding national security in the region with marked achievements. National sovereignty, security, and development interests have been effectively protected, and Hong Kong is enjoying a higher level of prosperity and stability with the wellbeing of its residents ensured.

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V. Creating High-Standard Security for High-Quality Development of the One Country, Two Systems Policy

On the new journey in the new era, China must adhere to a holistic approach to national security as its guiding principle, accurately grasp the practical requirements of safeguarding national security under the framework of One Country, Two Systems, and unswervingly build a high level of security so as to ensure steady and sustained progress in the One Country, Two Systems practice.

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Hong Kong's endeavors to safeguard national security under the One Country, Two Systems policy have been extraordinary, with achievements that are widely recognized. Its stability and prosperity today have not come easily, and the hard-won progress must be cherished. A safe Hong Kong that is free, developed, open, and vibrant aligns fully with the One Country, Two Systems policy, serves China's fundamental interests, benefits the residents of Hong Kong, and meets the interests of external investors.