Environmental Supervision
Environmental supervision aims to integrate the efforts of pollution prevention and control and eco-environmental conservation through supervision, management and other means, to reinforce unified supervision, to adopt unified policies, plans and standards, and to conduct unified monitoring and evaluation, law enforcement supervision and accountability inspection, so as to achieve balance between humanity and the environment. The state environmental protection supervisory organizations will be entrusted to conduct the supervision.
The 18th CPC Central Committee, at its third plenary session in 2013, decided to reform the eco-environmental protection management system, and establish a sound system to strictly supervise the emission of all pollutants and independently conduct environmental supervision and administrative law enforcement.
The CPC's 19th National Congress decided to reform the environmental regulation system. Relevant measures included establishing regulatory agencies to manage state-owned natural resources and monitor natural ecosystems, and improving environmental management systems. These agencies will, in a unified way, perform the duties of the owner of public-owned natural resources, of regulating the use of all territorial space and protecting and restoring ecosystems, of monitoring the discharge of all pollutants in urban and rural areas, and of conducting administrative law enforcement.
The environmental supervision system is an important means to promote quality development of the green economy and transformation of the model of economic growth.
生态环境监管
生态环境监管，即通过一系列监督、管理的手段和行为，贯通污染防治和生态保护，强化生态保护修复的统一监管，实现统一政策、规划、标准制定，统一监测评估、监督执法、督察问责，实现人与生态环境关系的协调和平衡。生态环境监管主体是国家环境保护监督管理机构。
2013年11月，中共十八届三中全会《决定》对改革生态环境保护管理体制作出部署，提出建立和完善严格监管所有污染物排放的环境保护管理制度，独立进行环境监管和行政执法。2017年10月，中共十九大对改革生态环境监管体制作出部署，提出设立国有自然资源资产管理和自然生态监管机构，完善生态环境管理制度，统一行使全民所有自然资源资产所有者职责，统一行使所有国土空间用途管制和生态保护修复职责，统一行使监管城乡各类污染排放和行政执法职责。生态环境监管是推动绿色经济高质量发展的重要途径，是顺应中国社会主要矛盾变化、促进经济增长方式转变的必要措施。