Eco-Environmental Protection and Restoration
Eco-environmental protection and restoration helps safeguard natural ecological security and improve the entire natural ecosystem. It is a significant part of building an eco-civilization and ensuring national ecological security.
Since 2012, China has increased the pace of eco-environmental restoration. It has taken a holistic approach to protecting and restoring mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands, and continued with its large-scale afforestation projects, and key restoration projects concerning wetlands, rivers, lakes, the marine eco-environment, control of desertification and soil erosion, biodiversity protection, and comprehensive improvement of soil. It has also improved relevant systems to promote both eco-environmental protection and economic development.
The report to the CPC's 19th National Congress included projects to protect and restore key ecosystems as part of the plan for an eco-civilization. The 19th CPC Central Committee, at its fourth plenary session, decided to improve the eco-environmental protection and restoration system, and follow a holistic approach to protecting and restoring mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands.
In June 2020, a national overall plan on key ecosystem conservation and restoration projects for 2021-2035 was published. The plan established principles such as prioritizing environmental protection and letting nature restore itself, pursuing a holistic approach focusing on the toughest problems, adopting science-based, comprehensive measures, and advancing reform and innovation and improving the mechanism for construction and management. The document also set goals for ecosystem conservation and restoration by 2035, and outlined a general framework addressing tasks, projects, policies and measures.
生态保护修复
生态保护修复是守住自然生态安全边界、促进自然生态系统质量整体改善的重要保障。加强生态保护和修复对推进生态文明建设、保障国家生态安全具有重要意义。
中共十八大以来，中国在全面加强生态保护的基础上，不断加大生态修复力度，积极探索统筹山水林田湖草一体化保护和修复，持续推进大规模国土绿化、湿地与河湖保护修复、防沙治沙、水土保持、生物多样性保护、土地综合整治、海洋生态修复等重点生态工程建设，在实践中不断探索总结，健全生态保护和修复制度，推动生态环境保护和经济发展共赢。
中共十九大报告在部署未来生态文明建设时强调，实施重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程。2019年10月，中共十九届四中全会《决定》要求，健全生态保护和修复制度，统筹山水林田湖草一体化保护和修复。2020年6月，国家发展改革委、自然资源部联合印发《全国重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程总体规划（2021—2035年）》，以坚持保护优先、自然恢复为主，坚持统筹兼顾、突出重点难点，坚持科学治理、推进综合施策，坚持改革创新、完善建管机制为基本原则，明确提出到2035年推进全国森林、草原、荒漠、河流、湖泊、湿地、海洋等自然生态系统保护和修复工作的主要目标，以及统筹山水林田湖草一体化保护和修复的总体布局、重点任务、重大工程和政策举措。