Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan
Soil is fundamental to sustainable social and economic development, and protecting the soil environment is a key component in building an eco-civilization and maintaining national ecological security.
In May 2016, the State Council released the Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. To ensure the quality of farm produce and a safe living environment, the document placed emphasis on prevention for protection, with proper risk control, and making phased improvement of the soils for different purposes of use. The document also announced the decision to put in place a mechanism in which the government takes the lead, enterprises assume the main responsibility, and the public participate in and supervise soil pollution control, so as to ensure sustainable use of soil resources.
With the introduction of this document, China had implemented three major action plans on addressing air, water and soil pollution.
The document listed 10 measures:
•conducting soil pollution surveys to learn about the quality of the soil environment;
•advancing legislation on soil pollution prevention and control and introducing a sound system of laws, regulations and standards;
•managing agricultural land by category to ensure a safe agricultural production environment;
•controlling market access to land used for construction to prevent threats to the living environment;
•protecting clean soil and strictly preventing more soil from being polluted;
•monitoring pollution sources to prevent more soil pollution;
•restoring contaminated land to improve the quality of the soil environment in relevant areas;
•promoting technological research and development to boost eco-friendly industries;
•giving full play to government leadership in building a soil environment improvement system; and
•reinforcing scrutiny of the fulfillment of relevant targets and strengthening accountability.
Following the publication of the document, the state made comprehensive plans to address soil pollution, including relevant legislation, soil pollution surveys, and support policies on soil environment protection and management. A nationwide campaign to keep the soil free from pollution was launched.
In January 2019, the Law on the Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution came into effect. By 2020, about 90 percent of the polluted farmlands and more than 93 percent of other plots of polluted land had been utilized in a safe manner. The risk of soil pollution had been brought under control, and the targets for protecting the soil from pollution had all been met.
Formulating and implementing the three major action plans on addressing air, water and soil pollution are significant moves taken by China's central authorities to fight pollution and build an eco-civilization. They are significant steps to improve the eco-environment and maintain the security of various natural ecosystems.
土壤污染防治行动计划
土壤是经济社会可持续发展的物质基础，保护好土壤环境是推进生态文明建设和维护国家生态安全的重要内容。2016年5月，国务院印发《土壤污染防治行动计划》（简称“土十条”），以改善土壤环境质量为核心，以保障农产品质量和人居环境安全为出发点，坚持预防为主、保护优先、风险管控，实施分类别、分用途、分阶段治理，要求形成政府主导、企业担责、公众参与、社会监督的土壤污染防治体系，促进土壤资源永续利用。至此，针对中国现阶段面临的大气、水、土壤环境污染问题的污染防治行动计划已经全部制定发布实施。
《土壤污染防治行动计划》确定了十个方面的措施，即开展土壤污染调查，掌握土壤环境质量状况；推进土壤污染防治立法，建立健全法规标准体系；实施农用地分类管理，保障农业生产环境安全；实施建设用地准入管理，防范人居环境风险；强化未受到污染土壤保护，严控新增土壤污染；加强污染源监管，做好土壤污染预防工作；开展污染治理与修复，改善区域土壤环境质量；加大科技研发力度，推动环境保护产业发展；发挥政府主导作用，构建土壤环境治理体系；加强目标考核，严格责任追究。
此后，国家对土壤污染防治工作进行了全面系统的部署，包括健全完善法律法规、推进全国土壤污染状况详查、健全土壤生态环境保护管理及支撑体系等，全国各级各部门持续开展净土保卫战。2019年1月，《中华人民共和国土壤污染防治法》正式实施。到2020年，全国受污染耕地安全利用率达到90%左右，污染地块安全利用率达到93%以上，土壤污染风险得到基本管控，净土保卫战目标全面完成。
制定实施《大气污染防治行动计划》《水污染防治行动计划》《土壤污染防治行动计划》三个污染防治行动计划是中共中央、国务院推进生态文明建设、坚决向污染宣战的一项重大举措，是系统开展污染治理的重要战略部署，对确保生态环境质量改善、各类自然生态系统安全稳定具有重要作用。