"On Ten Major Relationships"
In early 1956, as the socialist transformation of private ownership of the means of production was well under way, the CPC Central Committee began to shift its focus to building socialism.
From February to April 1956, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee summoned the heads of more than 30 economic ministries and departments to study the problems of socialist development. Based on opinions from various quarters, Mao Zedong delivered a report to the Supreme State Conference held in May, which was about the 10 major relationships in China. While summarizing the experience in building socialism, he set a basic policy of mobilizing all positive elements to serve socialism and expressed the idea that China should explore its own road of socialist development in light of its own conditions. This was the CPC's first venture into building socialism based on China's true conditions.
Mao talked about ways of handling the relationships between heavy industry on the one hand and light industry and agriculture on the other; between industry in the coastal regions and industry in the interior; between economic construction and defense; between the state, the units of production and individual producers; between the central authorities and the local governments; between the Han and ethnic minority groups; between the Party and the non-Party; between revolution and counter-revolution; between right and wrong; and between China and other countries.
He pointed out that correctly handling these relationships would help mobilize all positive factors, both inside and outside the Party, both at home and abroad, and make China a powerful socialist country.
"On Ten Major Relationships" demonstrated the CPC's efforts in searching for a suitable road for China's socialist development by freeing the mind and making explorations. The basic approach to building Chinese socialism gradually became clearer, with many policies being adopted to effectively promote development.
《论十大关系》
1956年年初，随着生产资料私有制的社会主义改造不断取得胜利，中共中央开始把党和国家工作的着重点向社会主义建设方面转移。1956年2月至4月间，中共中央政治局分别约集30多个经济部门的负责人座谈，讨论社会主义建设中存在的各种问题。毛泽东集中大家意见，在5月召开的最高国务会议上作《论十大关系》的报告。报告总结了中国社会主义建设的经验，提出了调动一切积极因素为社会主义建设事业服务的基本方针，对适合中国情况的社会主义建设道路进行了初步的探索，明确了建设社会主义的根本思想是必须根据本国情况走自己的道路。
报告论述的“十大关系”包括：重工业和轻工业、农业的关系，沿海工业和内地工业的关系，经济建设和国防建设的关系，国家、生产单位和生产者个人的关系，中央和地方的关系，汉族和少数民族的关系，党和非党的关系，革命和反革命的关系，是非关系，中国和外国的关系。毛泽东指出，正确处理这些关系，是为了把党内党外、国内国外一切积极因素都调动起来，把中国建设成为一个强大的社会主义国家。
《论十大关系》展现出中国共产党为寻找适合中国情况的建设社会主义的道路而解放思想、多方面探索的生动景象，中国社会主义建设道路的基本思路逐步清晰起来，其中许多重要方针和观点，对于中国的发展具有重要意义。