第一个百年奋斗目标
20世纪80年代，中国共产党提出“三步走”的社会主义现代化建设战略目标：第一步，到20世纪80年代末，实现国民生产总值比1980年翻一番，解决人民的温饱问题；第二步，到20世纪末，使国民生产总值再增长一倍，人民生活达到小康水平；第三步，到21世纪中叶，人均国民生产总值达到中等发达国家水平，人民生活比较富裕，基本实现现代化。
在解决人民温饱问题、人民生活总体上达到小康水平这两个目标基础上，中国共产党提出“两个一百年”的奋斗目标。第一个百年奋斗目标：到建党100年时建成经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实的小康社会。第二个百年奋斗目标：到新中国成立100年时，基本实现现代化，把中国建成社会主义现代化国家。
全面建成小康社会，实现第一个百年奋斗目标，一个标志性的指标是农村贫困人口全部脱贫。中共十八大以来，党中央从全面建成小康社会要求出发，把扶贫开发工作纳入“五位一体”总体布局、“四个全面”战略布局，作为实现第一个百年奋斗目标的重点任务，作出一系列重大部署和安排，全面打响脱贫攻坚战。
The First Centenary Goal
In the 1980s the CPC devised a three-step strategic plan for modernization. The first step was to double the 1980 gross national production (GNP) by the end of the 1980s and ensure that the whole population would have adequate food and clothing. The second step was to further double the 1990 GNP by the end of the 20th century and ensure the people a moderately prosperous life. The third step was to increase the per capita GNP level to that of moderately developed countries, ensure the people a relatively affluent life, and achieve basic modernization by the middle of the 21st century.
Having attained the first two of these three goals, the CPC set itself two new goals, known as the Two Centenary Goals.
The first goal calls for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society by the time the CPC celebrates its centenary in 2021, when China will have a stronger economy, greater democracy, more advanced science and education, more thriving culture, greater social harmony, and a better quality of life.
The second goal is to achieve basic modernization and turn China into a modern socialist country by the time the People's Republic of China celebrates its centenary in 2049.
A defining indicator in attaining the first goal is lifting all rural residents living below the current poverty line out of poverty. Since 2012, the year when the 18th CPC National Congress was convened, the central leadership has made poverty alleviation and development a major part of the Five-sphere Integrated Plan and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy, and rolled out a series of policies for the final nationwide battle of poverty elimination.