Chinese President Xi Jinping attends a virtual BRICS Summit and delivers an important address titled "Forging Ahead in Solidarity and Cooperation" on Sept. 8, 2025. (Xinhua/Liu Bin)

His second proposal was upholding openness and win-win cooperation to safeguard the international economic and trade order. Noting economic globalization is an irresistible trend of history, Xi said countries cannot thrive without an international environment of open cooperation, and no country can afford to retreat to self-imposed isolation.

He said BRICS countries must stay committed to building an open global economy, so as to share opportunities and achieve win-win outcomes in openness, adding that the multilateral trading system with the World Trade Organization at its core should be upheld and all forms of protectionism should be opposed.

BRICS countries should promote a universally beneficial and inclusive economic globalization, place development at the heart of the international agenda, and ensure that Global South countries participate in international cooperation as equals and share in the fruits of development, Xi said.

Thirdly, BRICS countries should uphold solidarity and cooperation to foster synergy for common development, Xi said.

BRICS countries account for nearly half of the world's population, around 30 percent of global economic output, and one-fifth of global trade.

Xi said the more closely they work together, the more resilient, resourceful and effective they are in addressing external risks and challenges.

China is ready to work with fellow BRICS countries to implement the Global Development Initiative, advance high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, leverage respective strengths, deepen practical cooperation, and make business, financial, scientific and technological cooperation more productive, so as to strengthen the foundation, momentum and impact of greater BRICS cooperation and deliver more practical benefits to the peoples, he said.

Other participating leaders said that unilateralist and bullying acts are disrupting the international order, international law and international rules are under threat, and trade is being used as a tool to interfere in other countries' internal affairs, which severely jeopardize world peace and development.

They said BRICS countries need to strengthen solidarity and collaboration, jointly respond to crises and challenges, safeguard multilateralism, uphold the international system of free and open trade, and protect the common interests of the Global South.

The leaders noted that the Global Governance Initiative proposed by President Xi is pertinent and points the direction and path for improving global governance.

The parties agreed to maintain communication on hotspot issues such as the Ukraine crisis and the conflict in Gaza. They stressed the need to make good use of the Group of Friends for Peace on the Ukraine crisis and adhere to the two-State solution for resolving the Palestinian question and maintaining peace and stability in the Middle East.

President Xi's proposals are very enlightening, offering an important guidance that helps inject stability into the international landscape, said Wang Lei, director of the BRICS Cooperation Research Center at Beijing Normal University.

Considering their significant role in the current global political and economic system, the BRICS countries should further strengthen solidarity and cooperation, which means a lot to global political and economic stability and the reform of the multilateral system, Wang said.