Bada Shanren
Zhu Da (1626-1705), also known as "Bada Shanren" (art or literary name), a painter who lived in the late Ming (1368- 1644) and early Qing (1616-1911) dynasties. Being adept at using splash-ink techniques, Zhu Da created many freehand brush works, among which those with flowers or birds as themes are especially well-known. He owed his painting style to the spirit of nature, painting extravagant images with concise strokes, which are original and innovative.
Bada Shanren had a unique painting style and a special understanding of layouts and structure; he sought completeness from the incompleteness of what he painted, which reflected his aloof, proud and cynical mindset. For example, the fish, ducks and birds he painted are mostly rolling their eyes to the sky, posing obstinate gestures, which could mirror Bada Shan- ren's own solitude and moral integrity. His strokes were not restricted by any space rules in painting — instead of sketching the outer look of subjects, he highlighted the ideas and focused on expressing his inner world. Later generations consider Bada Shanren as a brilliant master of Chinese freehand brushwork. Wu Changshuo from the Qing Dynasty and Qi Baishi in contemporary times are among the famous painters who were deeply influenced by Bada Shanren.
八大山人
朱耷（1626—1705）， 明末清初画家， 号“八大山人”。他的绘画以大笔水墨写意而成，并善于泼墨，尤以花鸟画著称于世，在创作上取法自然、笔墨简练、形象夸张、独具新意。
八大山人画风、章法结构特立独行，在不完整中求完整，反映出一种孤傲落寞、愤世嫉俗的心境。例如，他画的鱼、鸭、鸟等，多以白眼向天，充满倔强之气，以此来表现自己遗世独立的操守。他笔墨不受空间表现规律制约，不去模仿其形，而是勾画意境，描绘心灵世界，并被后世尊为中国古典写意画的杰出大师，如清代的吴昌硕、近代的齐白石等著名画家，都深受其影响。
