Everything under Heaven Belongs to the People
This notion originated in The Book of Rites. Contrasting the feudal idea that the state is property of the sovereign, it hypothesizes the ideal society of universal harmony envisioned by the ancient Chinese in which everything under heaven belongs to the people. "Tianxia," or "All-under-heaven," was a core concept of the traditional Chinese vision of the world order. It refers to all the land and people under heaven-literally the whole world.
As a political goal and social ideal, it not only serves the people's desire for social fairness and justice, but also as a gauge to evaluate and improve the real world. The ideal has featured prominently in numerous revolutions and reforms in modern China. It inspired the philosophy of a nation accommodating the interests of other nations and the world in the pursuit of its own to realize harmonious coexistence and common development.
天下为公
天下为公出自《礼记·礼运》，意为天下为天下人所共有。这是中国古人心目中“大同”理想社会的基本特征，与天下为一人或一家所有的私有制相对。“天下”是中国古代世界观的核心观念，其基本含义是“天”之“下”的所有土地和人民，即整个世界。
天下为公作为一种政治目标和社会理想，反映了人们对于社会公平、正义的要求，并且为人们提供了一种评价和改进现实世界的标准，突出反映并贯穿于近代以来中国革命和改革的历史进程中。这一理念启示我们，各国在谋求自身利益的同时，也应做到兼顾其他国家和整个世界的公共利益， 以实现和谐共存、共同发展。
